What absorbs at 436 cm⁻¹ in an FTIR spectrum?
A band near 436 cm⁻¹ can point to several functional groups. Below are the most likely assignments, ranked by how much published evidence supports each — every one traceable to literature (DOI) and cross-validated against our 130,000+ reference spectra and knowledge graph.
Backed by 8 cited sources
Quick answer
A band near 436 cm⁻¹ is usually interpreted by checking which functional groups repeatedly co-occur there in the literature, then confirming at least one or two additional peaks in the same sample. This page ranks those assignments by accumulated evidence rather than by a single fixed textbook rule.
가능한 작용기 할당
| 작용기 | 지원 사실 | 인용 출처 | 최고 신뢰도 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metal oxygen | 3 | 3 | 1.0 |
| Carboxyl (COOH) | 3 | 2 | 1.0 |
| Alkyl C-H | 2 | 2 | 1.0 |
| Methacrylate | 2 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Acetate | 2 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Hydroxyl (O-H) | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Methyl | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Methoxy (OCH3) | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Phosphate (PO4) | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Aromatic ring | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Water (H2O) | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Ketone | 1 | 0 | 1.0 |
| Ester | 1 | 0 | 1.0 |
| Carbonyl (C=O) | 1 | 0 | 1.0 |
| Amide | 1 | 0 | 1.0 |
| C c single bond | 1 | 0 | 1.0 |
순위는 단일 권위 규칙이 아닌 축적된 문헌 증거를 반영합니다. 항상 샘플 상황에 대해 확인하세요.
Possible materials
| 재료 | 지원 피크 | Overlapping groups | 인용 출처 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fe3O4 | 436, 2358, 1673 | Metal oxygen, Alkyl C-H, Methacrylate | 1 |
| TiO2 | 436, 1700, 1093 | Metal oxygen, Alkyl C-H, Methacrylate | 1 |
| goethite | 436, 1470, 696 | Metal oxygen, Carboxyl (COOH) | 1 |
| Fe3O4 nanoparticles | 436, 1673, 1470 | Metal oxygen, Alkyl C-H, Methacrylate | 1 |
Materials are shown only when the same literature pool supports this band and at least one additional characteristic peak.
Spectrum logic
This band becomes meaningful only when read with its neighboring peaks. In practice, analysts first look at the assignments above, then check whether the same sample also shows other peaks expected for the same structural motif. A lone band near 436 cm⁻¹ is usually not enough for material identification by itself.
Real-world usage
This type of query is common in polymer identification, unknown plastic screening, QC troubleshooting, recycled-material verification, and literature-backed peak assignment review.
Common mistakes
- Treating one isolated band as proof of a material without checking at least one or two supporting peaks.
- Ignoring overlap: multiple functional groups can contribute near the same wavenumber.
- Skipping validation when additives, blends, oxidation, or contamination may distort the spectrum.
Verification advice
When ambiguity remains, validate the hypothesis with DSC, GC-MS, or TGA, especially for blends, degraded samples, and filled polymers.
이 할당의 배경이 되는 문헌
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신뢰도 1.0
“In the low energy region of cm-1 the spectrum, the bond at ~ 436 is assigned to bending vibrations of Ti-O and Ti-O-Ti”
Effects of varying the soaking duration of Eosin Blue sensitized TiO2 photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.164169 -
Metal oxygen 신뢰도 1.0
“The weak 4 4 cm-1 vibration band detected at 436 could be ascribed to the W-O bending vibration [47].”
Abozaid 等 - 2018 - Characterization of Neodymium Doped Calcium Tungst DOI: 10.2298/SOS1804445A -
Alkyl C-H 신뢰도 1.0
“The intensity of the vibrational bands associated with C-H cm-1) cm-1) 436 stretch (2800-3000 and P-O-C stretch (1028 remain constant.”
Organic and Third Phase in HNO3/TBP/n-Dodecane System: No Reverse Micelles DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2017.1336048 -
Water (H2O) 신뢰도 1.0
“The peak in temperature of 436 °C, which can be attributed to the degradation of the polypropylene ◦C the range 48-95 can be attributed to the moisture loss of the hemp fibre.”
Characterisation of Hemp Fibres Reinforced Composites Using Thermoplastic Polymers as Matrices DOI: 10.3390/polym14030481 -
Aromatic ring 신뢰도 1.0
“and 1,436cm-1, Sm-MOFs tions of aromatic ring skeletons are 1,662 and The structure and morphology of the were 1,112cm-1 C-H field is the deformation vibration of bond of tested by FTIR, XRD, emission scanning electron 762cm-1 is the displa”
Wei 等 - 2022 - Preparation of metal-organic frameworks by microwa DOI: 10.1515/gps-2022-0060 -
Phosphate (PO4) 신뢰도 1.0
“Raman Spectra of bone and Type 2 samples material (demonstrated in Figure 1), (cm-1) Wavenumber Vibration Modes of Type2 Vibration Modes of Bone 436, 590, 988 Symmetric bending of P-O P-0 [5] 4-2 882, 1150 HPO Phosphate [5] 4385, 420 Lower”
Fabrication and Characterisation of Two-Layered Synthetic Titanium-Chitosan Bone Scaffolds DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92381-5_73 -
신뢰도 1.0
“[37] found that the ATR-FTIR spectra of 2O 3-adsorbed 1617 cm-1, 1458 cm-1, and 436 cm-1, respectively, indicating that Fe-O, CH3/COO and -OH in HFO cm-1 humic acid showed two new bands at 1348 and 1470 during the initial time points, which”
Removal of Tetracycline by Hydrous Ferric Oxide: Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherms, and Mechanism DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224580 -
신뢰도 0.8
“Absorption peak at 436 cm-1 indicates goethite”
Efficiency of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles with Different Pretreatments for Enhancing Biogas Yield of Macroalgae Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165105
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