What absorbs at 435 cm⁻¹ in an FTIR spectrum?
A band near 435 cm⁻¹ can point to several functional groups. Below are the most likely assignments, ranked by how much published evidence supports each — every one traceable to literature (DOI) and cross-validated against our 130,000+ reference spectra and knowledge graph.
Backed by 8 cited sources
Quick answer
A band near 435 cm⁻¹ is usually interpreted by checking which functional groups repeatedly co-occur there in the literature, then confirming at least one or two additional peaks in the same sample. This page ranks those assignments by accumulated evidence rather than by a single fixed textbook rule.
Possible functional-group assignments
| Functional group | Supporting facts | Cited sources | Top confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metal oxygen | 8 | 8 | 1.0 |
| Silicon-oxygen (Si-O) | 4 | 4 | 1.0 |
| Silicon (Si) | 4 | 4 | 1.0 |
| Siloxane (Si-O-Si) | 3 | 3 | 1.0 |
| Alkyl C-H | 2 | 2 | 1.0 |
| Carbohydrate | 2 | 2 | 1.0 |
| Methoxy (OCH3) | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Methacrylate | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| C-O single bond | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Acetate | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Ring structure | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Secondary amine | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| C n single bond | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Amide | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Nitro (NO2) | 1 | 1 | 1.0 |
Ranking reflects accumulated literature evidence, not a single fixed rule. Always confirm against your sample context.
Possible materials
| Material | Supporting peaks | Overlapping groups | Cited sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZnO | 435, 1400, 3430 | Metal oxygen | 1 |
| zinc oxide | 435, 1627, 1638 | Metal oxygen | 1 |
| NiO | 435, 1006, 1450 | Metal oxygen | 1 |
Materials are shown only when the same literature pool supports this band and at least one additional characteristic peak.
Spectrum logic
This band becomes meaningful only when read with its neighboring peaks. In practice, analysts first look at the assignments above, then check whether the same sample also shows other peaks expected for the same structural motif. A lone band near 435 cm⁻¹ is usually not enough for material identification by itself.
Real-world usage
This type of query is common in polymer identification, unknown plastic screening, QC troubleshooting, recycled-material verification, and literature-backed peak assignment review.
Common mistakes
- Treating one isolated band as proof of a material without checking at least one or two supporting peaks.
- Ignoring overlap: multiple functional groups can contribute near the same wavenumber.
- Skipping validation when additives, blends, oxidation, or contamination may distort the spectrum.
Verification advice
When ambiguity remains, validate the hypothesis with DSC, GC-MS, or TGA, especially for blends, degraded samples, and filled polymers.
Literature behind these assignments
-
Nitro (NO2) confidence 1.0
“3,5 3,0 loss of 35.4% of the sample is presented with DTG peaks at 434.8 °C, AgNP+AH 2,5 and 476.7 attributed to the decomposition to NO 2,O and 2 °C, Ag.”
Antimycotic nail polish based on humic acid‐coated silver nanoparticles for onychomycosis DOI: 10.1002/jctb.6676 -
Metal oxygen confidence 1.0
“The band at 599 and 509 corresponds (COO-)[24].TheZn-Ostretchingvibration todeformation nanoparticles δ bandwasfoundat435cm-1 forZnO-GWNPs[21,22,25].The FT-IR was carried out in order to find out the functional shifts in Zn-O band is due to”
Dhayalan 等 - 2021 - Eco friendly synthesis and characterization of zin DOI: 10.1515/nanofab-2020-0104 -
Metal oxygen confidence 1.0
“cm-1 cm-1 numbers~ 435 558 Out of these the bands at 435 and 558 appears to be strong, attributed to metal oxygen (M-O) contribution.”
Rai 和 Thakur - 2017 - Effect of co-substitution on structural, optical, DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.407 -
Amide confidence 1.0
“1), (1335cm-1),14 (998cm-1) 169 C-N stretching Si-O-Si stretching and Mg-N stretching (a small hump 435cm-1).”
Removal of hazardous pollutants from wastewater: Catalytic applications of Mg nanoparticle functionalized aminoclay DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112005 -
confidence 1.0
“The peak at 435 of charge carriers modifies valence and conduction confinement is ascribed to Zn-O stretching vibration [22,23].”
Combustion synthesis, characterization and Raman studies of ZnO nanopowders DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.05.043 -
confidence 1.0
“Peaks at 435 38 cm-1 581 are assigned to magnetite stretching vibration bonds of Fe-O at tetrahedral and octahedral sites [38].”
Rekaby 等 - 2020 - Influence of cobalt addition and calcination tempe DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ab65de -
Metal oxygen confidence 1.0
“FTIR analysis cm-1 Fe-O bands at 435, 574 and 627 for the biopolymer-mediated synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles have”
Structural characterization of mesoporous magnetite nanoparticles synthesized using the leaf extract of Calliandra haematocephala and their photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0698-8 -
confidence 1.0
“From the FTIR data, we came to know that all the samples have displayed peaks cm-1 between 435 and 449 which may be due to Ni-”
Facile soft chemical synthesis and characterisation of novel cobalt doped nickel oxide based nanostr DOI: 10.1080/10667857.2020.1824147
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