What absorbs at 451 cm⁻¹ in an FTIR spectrum?
A band near 451 cm⁻¹ can point to several functional groups. Below are the most likely assignments, ranked by how much published evidence supports each — every one traceable to literature (DOI) and cross-validated against our 130,000+ reference spectra and knowledge graph.
Backed by 8 cited sources
Snabbt svar
A band near 451 cm⁻¹ is usually interpreted by checking which functional groups repeatedly co-occur there in the literature, then confirming at least one or two additional peaks in the same sample. This page ranks those assignments by accumulated evidence rather than by a single fixed textbook rule.
Möjliga identifieringar av funktionella grupper
| Funktionell grupp | Stödjande fakta | Citerade källor | Högsta förtroende |
|---|---|---|---|
| C c single bond | 2 | 2 | 1,0 |
| Silicon-oxygen (Si-O) | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Silicon (Si) | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Carboxyl (COOH) | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Hydroxyl (O-H) | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| N h | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Secondary amine | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| C n single bond | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Amide | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Metal oxygen | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Alkyl C-H | 1 | 1 | 0,9 |
Rankingen speglar ackumulerade litteraturbevis, inte en enda auktoritativ regel. Bekräfta alltid mot din provkontext.
Möjliga material
| Material | Stödjande toppar | Överlappande grupper | Citerade källor |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fe2O3 | 451, 1130, 1631 | C c single bond | 1 |
| Co3O4 | 451, 1050, 450 | Carboxyl (COOH) | 1 |
Material visas endast när samma litteraturpool stöder detta band och minst en ytterligare karakteristisk topp.
Spektrumlogik
This band becomes meaningful only when read with its neighboring peaks. In practice, analysts first look at the assignments above, then check whether the same sample also shows other peaks expected for the same structural motif. A lone band near 451 cm⁻¹ is usually not enough for material identification by itself.
Användning i verkligheten
Denna typ av fråga är vanlig inom polymeridentifiering, screening av okänd plast, felsökning av kvalitetskontroll, verifiering av återvunnet material och litteraturstödd toppidentifieringsgranskning.
Vanliga misstag
- Behandla ett isolerat band som bevis på ett material utan att kontrollera minst en eller två stödjande toppar.
- Ignorerar överlapp: flera funktionella grupper kan bidra nära samma vågtal.
- Hoppa över validering när tillsatser, blandningar, oxidation eller föroreningar kan förvränga spektrat.
Verifieringsråd
När oklarhet kvarstår, validera hypotesen med DSC, GC-MS eller TGA, särskilt för blandningar, nedbrutna prover och fyllda polymerer.
Litteratur bakom dessa identifieringar
-
C c single bond förtroende 1,0
“It was also noticed that the intensity of Raman bands at 42 cm-1 451.13 and 760.5 correspond to the C-C stretching which become symmetrical with the 43 44 addition salt in the host polymer the interlinking chemical complex has been changed.”
Kumar 和 Rao - 2018 - Structural and electrochemical properties of PVP-C DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/aace40 -
Metal oxygen förtroende 1,0
“cm-1 cm-1 Similarly, Ce-O stretching band at 451 and at 450”
Maqbool 等 - 2016 - Antimicrobial potential of green synthesized CeO2 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S113508 -
C c single bond förtroende 1,0
“Moreover, different mode of a primary aromatic amine or a C-C stretching 451”
Benyoucef 等 - 2005 - Synthesis and in situ MRS characterization of cond DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.10.047 -
Hydroxyl (O-H) förtroende 1,0
“Fritsch et al.: OH stretching vibrations in serpentines 451 Table 1.”
Fritsch 等 - 2021 - Structural, textural, and chemical controls on the DOI: 10.5194/ejm-33-447-2021 -
Carboxyl (COOH) förtroende 1,0
“4 cm-1 literature.45 in the reported The band at 180 (F 2g) exhibits CoO vibration, and the other bands at 450.9, 494.7, 6 cm-1correspond 591, and 652 to E g, 2F 2g, and A 1g, which”
Gawai 等 - 2022 - Microwave-Assisted Coprecipitation Synthesis and L DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06179 -
förtroende 1,0
“Compared with Sp, the bands at 1051 and 451 cm-1 of Ms attributed to the silica, decreased considerably.”
Cd(II) Adsorption on Different Modified Rice Straws under FTIR Spectroscopy as Influenced by Initial pH, Cd(II) Concentration, and Ionic Strength DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214129 -
förtroende 0,7
“Assigned peak ~451 cm-1 indicates BO.”
Effects of Fe2O3 replacement of ZnO on elastic and structural properties of 80TeO2–(20−x)ZnO–xFe2O3 tellurite glass system DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2012.04.017 -
förtroende 0,7
“Assigned to B combination bands.”
Kollipost 等 - 2012 - Communication The highest frequency hydrogen bond DOI: 10.1063/1.4704827
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