What absorbs at 451 cm⁻¹ in an FTIR spectrum?
A band near 451 cm⁻¹ can point to several functional groups. Below are the most likely assignments, ranked by how much published evidence supports each — every one traceable to literature (DOI) and cross-validated against our 130,000+ reference spectra and knowledge graph.
Backed by 8 cited sources
Quick answer
A band near 451 cm⁻¹ is usually interpreted by checking which functional groups repeatedly co-occur there in the literature, then confirming at least one or two additional peaks in the same sample. This page ranks those assignments by accumulated evidence rather than by a single fixed textbook rule.
Возможные назначения функциональных групп
| Функциональная группа | Подтверждающие факты | Цитируемые источники | Максимальная достоверность |
|---|---|---|---|
| C c single bond | 2 | 2 | 1,0 |
| Silicon-oxygen (Si-O) | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Silicon (Si) | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Carboxyl (COOH) | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Hydroxyl (O-H) | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| N h | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Secondary amine | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| C n single bond | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Amide | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Metal oxygen | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Alkyl C-H | 1 | 1 | 0,9 |
Ранжирование отражает накопленные литературные данные, а не единственное авторитетное правило. Всегда проверяйте в контексте вашего образца.
Possible materials
| Материал | Поддерживающие пики | Overlapping groups | Цитируемые источники |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fe2O3 | 451, 1130, 1631 | C c single bond | 1 |
| Co3O4 | 451, 1050, 450 | Carboxyl (COOH) | 1 |
Materials are shown only when the same literature pool supports this band and at least one additional characteristic peak.
Spectrum logic
This band becomes meaningful only when read with its neighboring peaks. In practice, analysts first look at the assignments above, then check whether the same sample also shows other peaks expected for the same structural motif. A lone band near 451 cm⁻¹ is usually not enough for material identification by itself.
Real-world usage
This type of query is common in polymer identification, unknown plastic screening, QC troubleshooting, recycled-material verification, and literature-backed peak assignment review.
Common mistakes
- Treating one isolated band as proof of a material without checking at least one or two supporting peaks.
- Ignoring overlap: multiple functional groups can contribute near the same wavenumber.
- Skipping validation when additives, blends, oxidation, or contamination may distort the spectrum.
Verification advice
When ambiguity remains, validate the hypothesis with DSC, GC-MS, or TGA, especially for blends, degraded samples, and filled polymers.
Литература, лежащая в основе этих назначений
-
C c single bond достоверность 1,0
“It was also noticed that the intensity of Raman bands at 42 cm-1 451.13 and 760.5 correspond to the C-C stretching which become symmetrical with the 43 44 addition salt in the host polymer the interlinking chemical complex has been changed.”
Kumar 和 Rao - 2018 - Structural and electrochemical properties of PVP-C DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/aace40 -
Metal oxygen достоверность 1,0
“cm-1 cm-1 Similarly, Ce-O stretching band at 451 and at 450”
Maqbool 等 - 2016 - Antimicrobial potential of green synthesized CeO2 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S113508 -
C c single bond достоверность 1,0
“Moreover, different mode of a primary aromatic amine or a C-C stretching 451”
Benyoucef 等 - 2005 - Synthesis and in situ MRS characterization of cond DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.10.047 -
Hydroxyl (O-H) достоверность 1,0
“Fritsch et al.: OH stretching vibrations in serpentines 451 Table 1.”
Fritsch 等 - 2021 - Structural, textural, and chemical controls on the DOI: 10.5194/ejm-33-447-2021 -
Carboxyl (COOH) достоверность 1,0
“4 cm-1 literature.45 in the reported The band at 180 (F 2g) exhibits CoO vibration, and the other bands at 450.9, 494.7, 6 cm-1correspond 591, and 652 to E g, 2F 2g, and A 1g, which”
Gawai 等 - 2022 - Microwave-Assisted Coprecipitation Synthesis and L DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06179 -
достоверность 1,0
“Compared with Sp, the bands at 1051 and 451 cm-1 of Ms attributed to the silica, decreased considerably.”
Cd(II) Adsorption on Different Modified Rice Straws under FTIR Spectroscopy as Influenced by Initial pH, Cd(II) Concentration, and Ionic Strength DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214129 -
достоверность 0,7
“Assigned peak ~451 cm-1 indicates BO.”
Effects of Fe2O3 replacement of ZnO on elastic and structural properties of 80TeO2–(20−x)ZnO–xFe2O3 tellurite glass system DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2012.04.017 -
достоверность 0,7
“Assigned to B combination bands.”
Kollipost 等 - 2012 - Communication The highest frequency hydrogen bond DOI: 10.1063/1.4704827
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