What absorbs at 424 cm⁻¹ in an FTIR spectrum?
A band near 424 cm⁻¹ can point to several functional groups. Below are the most likely assignments, ranked by how much published evidence supports each — every one traceable to literature (DOI) and cross-validated against our 130,000+ reference spectra and knowledge graph.
Backed by 8 cited sources
Brzi odgovor
A band near 424 cm⁻¹ is usually interpreted by checking which functional groups repeatedly co-occur there in the literature, then confirming at least one or two additional peaks in the same sample. This page ranks those assignments by accumulated evidence rather than by a single fixed textbook rule.
Moguće dodjele funkcionalnih skupina
| Funkcionalna skupina | Potporni dokazi | Citirani izvori | Najveća pouzdanost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydroxyl (O-H) | 4 | 4 | 1,0 |
| Metal oxygen | 2 | 2 | 1,0 |
| N h | 2 | 2 | 1,0 |
| C-O single bond | 2 | 2 | 1,0 |
| Silicon-oxygen (Si-O) | 2 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Water (H2O) | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Alkyl C-H | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Silicon (Si) | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Siloxane (Si-O-Si) | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Carbohydrate | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| S eq o | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Aromatic ring | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Amide | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Methoxy (OCH3) | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Methacrylate | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Acetate | 1 | 1 | 1,0 |
| Carbonyl (C=O) | 1 | 1 | 0,8 |
Rangiranje odražava akumulirane literaturne dokaze, a ne jedno autoritativno pravilo. Uvijek provjerite u kontekstu vašeg uzorka.
Mogući materijali
| Materijal | Potporni vrhovi | Preklapajuće skupine | Citirani izvori |
|---|---|---|---|
| graphene | 424, 1720, 2097 | Hydroxyl (O-H), C-O single bond | 2 |
| GO | 424, 1720, 1182 | Hydroxyl (O-H), C-O single bond | 2 |
| cellulose | 424, 1735, 1650 | C-O single bond, Hydroxyl (O-H) | 1 |
| hemicellulose | 424, 1730, 897 | C-O single bond, Hydroxyl (O-H) | 1 |
| ZnO | 424, 1400, 3430 | Metal oxygen, Hydroxyl (O-H), C-O single bond | 1 |
| polysaccharide | 424, 1637, 1320 | Hydroxyl (O-H), C-O single bond, N h | 1 |
Materijali su prikazani samo kada ista literatura podržava ovu traku i barem jedan dodatni karakteristični vrh.
Logika spektra
This band becomes meaningful only when read with its neighboring peaks. In practice, analysts first look at the assignments above, then check whether the same sample also shows other peaks expected for the same structural motif. A lone band near 424 cm⁻¹ is usually not enough for material identification by itself.
Upotreba u stvarnom svijetu
Ova vrsta upita uobičajena je u identifikaciji polimera, probiru nepoznate plastike, rješavanju problema u kontroli kvalitete, provjeri recikliranog materijala i pregledu dodjele vrhova potkrijepljenom literaturom.
Uobičajene pogreške
- Tretiranje jedne izolirane vrpce kao dokaza materijala bez provjere barem jednog ili dva podržavajuća pika.
- Zanemarivanje preklapanja: više funkcionalnih skupina može doprinositi u blizini istog valnog broja.
- Preskakanje validacije kada aditivi, mješavine, oksidacija ili kontaminacija mogu izobličiti spektar.
Savjet za provjeru
Kada nejasnoća ostane, validirajte hipotezu pomoću DSC, GC-MS ili TGA, posebno za mješavine, degradirane uzorke i punjene polimere.
Literatura iza ovih dodjela
-
Acetate pouzdanost 1,0
“544cm(cid:3)1 875cm(cid:3)1 (Ca-O bond), (C-O bond), transform infra red (FTIR) spectrum exhibits bands at 424, Available online xxxx 1460cm(cid:3)1 3640cm(cid:3)1 (C-O stretch) and (O-H stretch).”
Prakash 和 Nagabhushana - 2016 - Thermoluminescence properties of gamma irradiated DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2016.03.055 -
pouzdanost 1,0
“The functional groups of ZnO, C=O for polysaccharide, and N-H bending vibration of amine were confirmed 424cm-1 by FTIR spectroscopy.”
Sanmugam 等 - 2017 - Optical and Structural Properties of Solvent Free DOI: 10.1155/2017/7536364 -
Metal oxygen pouzdanost 1,0
“The FTIR spectrum showed the absorption band at 845 cm-1 that is due to the stretching mode of is attributed to Bi-O-Bi bond, and the strong absorption band recorded at 424 Bi-O.”
Zulkifli 等 - 2017 - Effect of Hydrothermal Reaction Time on Size of Bi DOI: 10.1063/1.5010448 -
Hydroxyl (O-H) pouzdanost 1,0
“cm-1, cm-1, 1,218 strong vibrations at 1,610 to 1,550 and 1,420 to OH bending of C-OH at 1,424 cm-1 COOcm-1 sp2-hybridized 1,300 stretching of the [28,29].”
Basirun 等 - 2013 - Solid-phase electrochemical reduction of graphene DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-8-397 -
Aromatic ring pouzdanost 1,0
“423 typical from the aromatic systems, corresponds to stretching vibrations of C=C and 424 C=O of flavonoids, and asymmetric bending vibration of N-H due to aminoacids (Wu, 425 Sun, Zhao, Li, & Zhou, 2008, Fangio et al., 2019).”
Co-crystallized sucrose with propolis extract as a food ingredient: Powder characterization and antioxidant stability DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111164 -
pouzdanost 1,0
“The cm-1 cm-1 band at 424 was attributed to bending modes of O-Mg-O.”
The physicochemical and biomechanical profile of forsterite and its osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells DOI: 10.1371/journal. -
S eq o pouzdanost 1,0
“The expected peaks from 424+ antisymmetric S=O stretching in SO and the bending modes of NH and water can be easily detected50.”
Lu 等 - 2019 - Infrared Nanospectroscopy at the Graphene-Electrol DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01897 -
Carbohydrate pouzdanost 1,0
“Finally, the peaks observed at 424 attribute to the functional groups that are responsible for the synthesis of cellulose-capped Ag-NPs (C-Ag-NPs).”
Mondal 等 - 2023 - Recycling of silver nanoparticles from electronic DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40668-7
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